Causa → efecto → explicación

Cinco laboratorios. Un cambio a la vez. Después, razona sin la imagen.

Primer hito · 5–12 minutos por laboratorio. Las respuestas y el progreso se guardan en tu cuenta. El contenido del curso está disponible actualmente en inglés.

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Dopamine Reward Prediction Simulator

Learning lets a cue predict a natural reward. A drug can still push dopamine up through its molecular action even when it is expected.

Fuente y notas editoriales

Illustrative prediction-error model, not a universal trace for every drug, reward or dopamine neuron. Cue and outcome signals are shown separately; bars are relative signal sizes.

Autoreceptor Brake Lab

Think of this receptor as the neuron’s brake. Activating a brake can reduce output.

Fuente y notas editoriales

A simplified inhibitory somatodendritic autoreceptor model. Terminal autoreceptors can reduce release without slowing firing. These are relative model quantities, not clinical measurements.

CYP / Metabolic Tolerance Simulator

The liver can get faster at clearing a drug. The same dose can then have a smaller effect.

Fuente y notas editoriales

Active parent drug, inactivating metabolism, fixed dose and unchanged receptor sensitivity. Prodrugs, active metabolites and saturating kinetics require different assumptions. Relative units are illustrative.

Hypothalamus vs Thalamus Contrast Lab

The hypothalamus helps keep the body’s internal conditions stable. The thalamus relays most sensory information to cortex.

Fuente y notas editoriales

The highlights show functional associations, not a diagnosis from one symptom. The brain is a connected system; most sensory relay has exceptions such as primary olfaction.

PK vs PD Mechanism Lab

First ask what changed: the amount of drug reaching a target, or what the drug does at that target?

Fuente y notas editoriales

Fixed absorption and distribution, first-order elimination, active parent drug and matched-concentration receptor response. Bars illustrate relative changes rather than real doses.

Modo examen del profesor

Practica el estilo del profesor con escenarios diferentes. Cada sesión mixta contiene cinco preguntas de práctica y prioriza las que aún no has respondido. Confirma tu respuesta y después revisa las pistas, la cadena causal y cada distractor. Las preguntas originales siguen disponibles abajo. No hay una clave del profesor; se indican las respuestas razonadas y las ambigüedades reales.

Original recall and independent transfer are tracked separately. Three fresh untimed siblings are required before independent demonstration; guided practice and repeated answers cannot substitute.

Timing becomes available after independent untimed performance on three fresh sibling items. Timing measures pace; it never cuts off an answer.

Evidencia de razonamiento

Original recall and independent transfer are tracked separately. Three fresh untimed siblings are required before independent demonstration; guided practice and repeated answers cannot substitute.

1. Reinforcement Not checked

Original independent: not yet demonstrated

Fresh independent siblings: 0 / 3

Sin límite: 0/0
Con tiempo: 0/0
Después de un intervalo: 0/0

Predict a change in reinforcement, operate the topic's model, then explain the result before returning to a new question.