Cause → effect → explain

Five focused labs. One change at a time. Then reason without the visual.

First milestone · 5–12 minutes per lab. Your answers and progress save to your account. Course content is currently in English.

Explore the available labs below. Sign in to begin cloud-saved practice. Sign in to save and practice

Dopamine Reward Prediction Simulator

Learning lets a cue predict a natural reward. A drug can still push dopamine up through its molecular action even when it is expected.

Source and editorial notes

Illustrative prediction-error model, not a universal trace for every drug, reward or dopamine neuron. Cue and outcome signals are shown separately; bars are relative signal sizes.

Autoreceptor Brake Lab

Think of this receptor as the neuron’s brake. Activating a brake can reduce output.

Source and editorial notes

A simplified inhibitory somatodendritic autoreceptor model. Terminal autoreceptors can reduce release without slowing firing. These are relative model quantities, not clinical measurements.

CYP / Metabolic Tolerance Simulator

The liver can get faster at clearing a drug. The same dose can then have a smaller effect.

Source and editorial notes

Active parent drug, inactivating metabolism, fixed dose and unchanged receptor sensitivity. Prodrugs, active metabolites and saturating kinetics require different assumptions. Relative units are illustrative.

Hypothalamus vs Thalamus Contrast Lab

The hypothalamus helps keep the body’s internal conditions stable. The thalamus relays most sensory information to cortex.

Source and editorial notes

The highlights show functional associations, not a diagnosis from one symptom. The brain is a connected system; most sensory relay has exceptions such as primary olfaction.

PK vs PD Mechanism Lab

First ask what changed: the amount of drug reaching a target, or what the drug does at that target?

Source and editorial notes

Fixed absorption and distribution, first-order elimination, active parent drug and matched-concentration receptor response. Bars illustrate relative changes rather than real doses.

Professor Exam Mode

Practice the professor’s style with unfamiliar scenarios. Each mixed set contains five novel-style questions and favors items you have not answered. Commit your answer, then study the clues, causal chain and every distractor. Exact originals remain available below. No professor key is available; reasoned answers and genuine ambiguities are labeled.

Original recall and independent transfer are tracked separately. Three fresh untimed siblings are required before independent demonstration; guided practice and repeated answers cannot substitute.

Timing becomes available after independent untimed performance on three fresh sibling items. Timing measures pace; it never cuts off an answer.

Your reasoning evidence

Original recall and independent transfer are tracked separately. Three fresh untimed siblings are required before independent demonstration; guided practice and repeated answers cannot substitute.

1. Reinforcement Not checked

Original independent: not yet demonstrated

Fresh independent siblings: 0 / 3

Untimed: 0/0
Timed: 0/0
Delayed: 0/0

Predict a change in reinforcement, operate the topic's model, then explain the result before returning to a new question.