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Why do we need leap years?

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The seasonal year is about 365.2422 days. Counting only 365 would shift dates away from the seasons. Adding a day every four years averages 365.25 days, too many. The Gregorian rule refines that approximation: years divisible by four are leap years, except century years are skipped unless divisible by 400. Thus 1900 was ordinary and 2000 was leap. The 400-year cycle contains 97 leap days and averages 365.2425 days per year. It reduces drift without making the match exact.

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Original explanatory text informed by the sources below. Last source check: September 17, 2026. These sources are not endorsements of Losslessly.

U.S. Naval Observatory · Leap years

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What is a year?

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A year connects timekeeping to a repeating astronomical cycle. Earth completes an orbit around the Sun in roughly 365¼ days, but the exact duration depends on the reference point. The tropical year follows the seasonal cycle; the sidereal year follows Earth’s position relative to distant stars. They differ slightly. The Gregorian calendar is designed to track the seasonal year using whole days. Its mix of ordinary and leap years is an approximation, rather than a claim that nature runs in exact calendar units.

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