When enzymes change: induction, inhibition and genetics
Explains most drug interactions and why the same dose affects people differently.
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- Metabolism and excretion: the liver and kidneys — The CYP enzymes from the previous chunk.
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- First-pass metabolism and prodrugs — Inhibiting first-pass enzymes can make an oral drug active (ayahuasca).
- Half-life and redistribution — Faster or slower metabolism changes half-life.
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Enzyme induction – levels of enzymes can be increased by previous exposure to a specific drug. Enzyme inhibition – some drugs inhibit CYP enzymes, which can increase their own levels as well as levels of any other drug metabolized by that enzyme. Genetic differences make people slow, normal, or fast metabolizers.
Términos del curso
Las palabras de tu profesor, tal cual aparecen en las diapositivas. Aprende el término y esta definición; la explicación de abajo solo ayuda a entenderla.
- Enzyme induction
“Levels of enzymes can be increased by previous exposure to a specific drug - enzyme induction”Diapositivas 04, p. 37
e.g., heavy drinking increases alcohol dehydrogenase.
- Enzyme inhibition
“Some drugs inhibit CYP enzymes”Diapositivas 04, p. 37
Raises levels of every drug that enzyme metabolizes — toxic or useful (carbidopa + levodopa).
- CYP-3A4 and grapefruit
“Inhibited by furanocoumarin in grapefruit juice”Diapositivas 04, p. 38
Sometimes useful, sometimes dangerous.
- Slow / normal / fast metabolizer
“DNA testing can detect slow, normal, or fast metabolizer for specific drug”Diapositivas 04, p. 40
Genetic differences in CYP enzymes change efficacy and side effects.
De tu curso: Course slides 04, pp. 37–40
Consejo: las teclas ← y → recorren la lección.
Lección completa: Enzyme induction, inhibition and variation